Fibrolast Growth Factor

Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) are a family of heparin-binding polypeptides with diverse roles in cellular growth, differentiation, and survival. The FGF family comprises over 20 members, categorized into paracrine, intracrine, and endocrine FGFs based on their mode of action. FGFs exert their biological effects by binding to Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs), a family of receptor tyrosine kinases, leading to activation of downstream signaling pathways. 

Technical Content on FGF
  • Structure and Function:
    • Composed of a conserved β-trefoil fold that facilitates receptor binding.
    • High-affinity binding to FGFRs is modulated by interactions with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs).
    • Stimulates FGFR dimerization and autophosphorylation, activating pathways like MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and PLCγ.
  • Biological Roles:
    • Development: Regulates embryogenesis, mesoderm induction, and limb development.
    • Angiogenesis: Promotes endothelial cell proliferation and vascular formation.
    • Tissue Homeostasis: Contributes to wound healing, bone repair, and organ maintenance.
Applications of FGF
  • Regenerative Medicine:
    • Tissue Engineering: Incorporated into scaffolds and hydrogels to enhance tissue regeneration.
    • Wound Healing: Used in topical formulations to accelerate repair in chronic wounds and burns.
    • Bone Repair: Stimulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in orthopedic applications.
  • Therapeutic Development:
    • Oncology: FGF pathway inhibitors are used in targeted cancer therapies.
    • Metabolic Disorders: Endocrine FGFs, such as FGF21, are investigated for treating obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
    • Cardiovascular Therapy: Enhances vascular growth and repair in ischemic conditions.

FGFs play an integral role in fundamental cellular processes and their therapeutic applications span a wide range of disciplines, from regenerative medicine to targeted oncology and metabolic disease management.

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