Hepatocyte Growth Factor

Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) is a multifunctional cytokine primarily known for its role in cell proliferation, motility, survival, and morphogenesis. Initially identified as a mitogen for hepatocytes, HGF is now recognized as a pleiotropic factor with functions in various tissues and organs. It acts through the MET receptor tyrosine kinase, encoded by the MET proto-oncogene.

Content on Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)
  • Structure and Biochemistry:
    • HGF is a heterodimeric glycoprotein composed of an alpha-chain (69 kDa) and a beta-chain (34 kDa), linked by disulfide bonds.
  • Receptor and Signaling Pathways:
    • MET Receptor: A transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase activated by HGF binding, leading to receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation.
    • Canonical Signaling Pathways:
      • PI3K/Akt Pathway: Promotes cell survival and inhibits apoptosis.
      • Ras/MAPK Pathway: Drives cell proliferation and differentiation.
      • STAT3 Pathway: Involved in inflammatory and regenerative responses.
      • Rho GTPases: Regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and cell motility.
    • Cross-talk with other signaling pathways amplifies HGF's effects in a tissue-specific context.
Applications of HGF in Research and Therapeutics
  • Tissue Regeneration and Repair:
    • HGF is a key factor in liver regeneration following injury or partial hepatectomy.
  • Cancer Research:
    • Dysregulated HGF/MET signaling is implicated in tumorigenesis, including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis.
  • Fibrosis Studies:
    • HGF has antifibrotic properties, counteracting TGF-beta-induced fibrotic signaling in tissues such as the liver, lungs, and kidneys.

HGF continues to be a critical focus in translational research due to its wide-ranging roles in cellular physiology and its therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, oncology, and chronic diseases.

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