Hepatocyte Growth Factor
Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) is a multifunctional cytokine primarily known for its role in cell proliferation, motility, survival, and morphogenesis. Initially identified as a mitogen for hepatocytes, HGF is now recognized as a pleiotropic factor with functions in various tissues and organs. It acts through the MET receptor tyrosine kinase, encoded by the MET proto-oncogene.
Content on Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)
- Structure and Biochemistry:
- HGF is a heterodimeric glycoprotein composed of an alpha-chain (69 kDa) and a beta-chain (34 kDa), linked by disulfide bonds.
- Receptor and Signaling Pathways:
- MET Receptor: A transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase activated by HGF binding, leading to receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation.
- Canonical Signaling Pathways:
- PI3K/Akt Pathway: Promotes cell survival and inhibits apoptosis.
- Ras/MAPK Pathway: Drives cell proliferation and differentiation.
- STAT3 Pathway: Involved in inflammatory and regenerative responses.
- Rho GTPases: Regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and cell motility.
- Cross-talk with other signaling pathways amplifies HGF's effects in a tissue-specific context.
Applications of HGF in Research and Therapeutics
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair:
- HGF is a key factor in liver regeneration following injury or partial hepatectomy.
- Cancer Research:
- Dysregulated HGF/MET signaling is implicated in tumorigenesis, including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis.
- Fibrosis Studies:
- HGF has antifibrotic properties, counteracting TGF-beta-induced fibrotic signaling in tissues such as the liver, lungs, and kidneys.
HGF continues to be a critical focus in translational research due to its wide-ranging roles in cellular physiology and its therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, oncology, and chronic diseases.
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