Hepatocyte Growth Factor

Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) is a multifunctional cytokine primarily known for its role in cell proliferation, motility, survival, and morphogenesis. Initially identified as a mitogen for hepatocytes, HGF is now recognized as a pleiotropic factor with functions in various tissues and organs. It acts through the MET receptor tyrosine kinase, encoded by the MET proto-oncogene.

Content on Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)

• Structure and Biochemistry:
  • HGF is a heterodimeric glycoprotein composed of an alpha-chain (69 kDa) and a beta-chain (34 kDa), linked by disulfide bonds.
• Receptor and Signaling Pathways:
  • MET Receptor: A transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase activated by HGF binding, leading to receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation.
  • Canonical Signaling Pathways:
    • PI3K/Akt Pathway: Promotes cell survival and inhibits apoptosis.
    • Ras/MAPK Pathway: Drives cell proliferation and differentiation.
    • STAT3 Pathway: Involved in inflammatory and regenerative responses.
    • Rho GTPases: Regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and cell motility.
  • Cross-talk with other signaling pathways amplifies HGF's effects in a tissue-specific context.

Applications of HGF in Research and Therapeutics

• Tissue Regeneration and Repair:
  • HGF is a key factor in liver regeneration following injury or partial hepatectomy.
• Cancer Research:
  • Dysregulated HGF/MET signaling is implicated in tumorigenesis, including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis.
• Fibrosis Studies:
  • HGF has antifibrotic properties, counteracting TGF-beta-induced fibrotic signaling in tissues such as the liver, lungs, and kidneys.

HGF continues to be a critical focus in translational research due to its wide-ranging roles in cellular physiology and its therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, oncology, and chronic diseases.